Building methods
One of the best methods of producing a semi-prefab building is the technology and use of wood (the advantages of using wood in interior design) as the most common and abundant material in nature, as in America, Canada, Europe, and Japan. , China and other advanced countries have been considered as a stable and favorable system. Creating housing in this way for about 2 billion people of the world is proof of this claim. Today, people have reached special goals and quality in the construction of wooden houses by relying on science and technology. In the construction of wooden structures, the quality of the trees used is the main indicator.
According to the quality of the types of wood, we can conclude that the wood of the trees that grew in the belt area located in the orbit of 66 degrees and 33 degrees north is the most suitable type of wood for building houses. The reason for the high quality of these woods is the slow growth of trees in cold regions and the high density and hardening of wood textures.
Lightening, high resistance to earthquakes, speed in construction and quick return on investment, insulation and significant reduction of energy consumption, long life of more than 100 years of the structure, beauty and adaptability to different climates and weather, no construction waste, among others. which has placed the construction of wooden houses among the most attractive and favored houses in the world.
The benefits of a wooden house
Earthquake
One of the reasons for the hard wooden houses in America, Japan, Canada and Europe. In general, this system is considered the best system for earthquake-prone areas due to its lightness. The structural system of wooden buildings is used in most countries of the world in earthquake-prone areas for the construction of residential buildings with normal height. In America, more than 80% of buildings are made of wood. In the standards of wooden houses, a strong building is a structure that remains safe and sound after an earthquake and can be used and lived in, while in steel and concrete structures, a strong building is a house that is not damaged during an earthquake. At least, but the financial damages and its exploitation cannot be determined. Many earthquakes that have occurred in different parts of the world show that houses with wooden frames have a very high resistance to earthquakes. A very important principle in this structural system is structural integrity. All the walls, roofs, external roof, foundation and other components of the structure are sewn together with great precision like an integrated box. One of the most important advantages of wooden structures is their high resistance to all kinds of natural disasters (earthquake, flood and fire). The high damping coefficient of wood makes it the most suitable type of material for designing earthquake-resistant structures, and the reduction of the building's dead load up to seven times compared to steel and concrete structures adds to this resistance. In this way, we can boldly consider wooden structures as one of the best earthquake-resistant systems. Another advantage of wooden buildings is the possibility of adapting it to different weather conditions. Today, we see the construction of wooden structures in different temperatures and humidity in different parts of the world. In cold regions that have long winters and often the temperature is below zero, wooden buildings are presented as the best option.
Lightweight frame
Wood is one of the oldest building materials known to man and used to build houses in forested areas. At the beginning, he built the walls of the hut with thick tree trunks and covered the roof with tree leaves, sometimes he applied mud on all of these and sometimes he used tree bark or thin sheets of stone as roofing. In the last half century, the logging industry, wood processing and wooden construction systems have made great progress in the industrialized countries of the world such as Canada, the United States of America, Australia, Japan and Northern European countries including Scandinavian countries. So that today more than 90% of residential buildings with a height of six floors or less in these countries have wooden structures. The industry of wooden buildings starts from the forest.
Wooden skeleton buildings
The system of standard wooden light frame buildings is one of the most advanced building systems that comply with all the principles of building physics such as thermal insulation, moisture, sound and air sealing among its requirements, and as a result, it is one of the most complete and at the same time It is the most vulnerable building systems that can cause great financial losses if implemented incorrectly. The most important point in this system is the protection of the wooden structure against harmful environmental factors such as extreme changes in temperature and humidity, exposure to fungi, insects that feed on wood, microorganisms and high heat.
On the other hand, fire, especially after the occurrence of an earthquake and its spread in high density areas, is a serious risk for wooden buildings. It should be kept in mind that the method of calculating incoming loads and the design of this building system is different from other common systems. The system of light wooden frame buildings has been widely used for the implementation of short and mid-rise buildings, six stories and less. The risk of fire has been more decisive in limiting the floors of wooden houses than anything else.
It is obvious that the lack of knowledge about the behavior of these buildings during an earthquake has also played a decisive role in the permitted height of the building. Preventing the increase in population density in order to reduce environmental pollution and reduce social problems has been one of the limiting factors of residential building floors in advanced industrialized countries.
In recent decades, with the introduction of new technologies, such as automatic fire extinguishers, creation of fire cells, impregnation of unprotected wood with fire retardant materials, and prediction of fire escape routes and extensive research on the seismic behavior of light wood frame structures, A suitable ground has been provided for increasing the number of floors and the height of wooden houses. The system of light wooden frame buildings is a modular system based on 40 or 60 cm.
Each wall consists of a number of vertical components (Vadar or Estad) with a central distance of 40 or 60 cm, which are connected to horizontal components at the top and bottom. The dimensions of the wood used in the structure of this building system should not be less than the nominal size of 5 x 10 cm. This dimensional limit is considered for more stability of the structure during fire. The empty space between the walls and the horizontal beams of the roofs is a very suitable place for placing thermal and sound insulation and for the passage of construction facilities.
Villa Structure with a wooden style frame
The walls of this construction system with resistant board coverings such as plywood or sheets produced from OSB (oriented chip wood) can act as shear walls. The roofs in this building system are integrated by resistant covers, such as flexible diaphragms, and the final roof trusses are made integrally with wooden sheet covers. A very important principle in this construction system is to ensure the integrity of its structure.
The foundation, walls, ceilings between the floors and the final roof (roof), and all the components of the building structure must be sewn together correctly and very carefully, like a one-piece box. Building components should be designed in such a way that the wood used in the building structure acts as compressive or tensile as much as possible, and does not cause moments due to deviation from the axis.